{"id":89458,"date":"2021-08-18T13:00:36","date_gmt":"2021-08-18T17:00:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hobbyfarms.com\/?p=89458"},"modified":"2024-08-22T11:17:14","modified_gmt":"2024-08-22T15:17:14","slug":"bumblefoot-what-it-is-how-to-protect-your-chickens","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hobbyfarms.com\/bumblefoot-what-it-is-how-to-protect-your-chickens\/","title":{"rendered":"Bumblefoot: What It Is &#038; How To Protect Your Chickens"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"p1\">Bumblefoot is a problem many backyard chicken-keepers have heard about and have fears they may encounter it in their own flock of chickens. But what is this disease? Where does it occur? How does it happen? What can a chicken-keeper do to prevent it from happening?<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Also known as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.poultrydvm.com\/condition\/bumblefoot\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pododermatitis<\/a>, bumblefoot is an inflammatory condition affecting a bird\u2019s foot. This disorder can be seen in any avian species but is common in chickens, particularly our backyard flocks. Lesions vary in severity, but in order to understand them better, it helps to understand the anatomy of the chicken\u2019s foot.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"p4\">About Chicken Feet<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">The foot of a chicken is made up of similar components to other animals, with slight variations that make it unique. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Chickens are considered to be anisodactyl. This means that they have three toes pointing forward and one toe pointing back. The toe pointing back is considered to be digit No. 1, while digit No. 2 is the inner most front digit. Digit No. 3 is the middle front digit, and digit No. 4 is the outermost front digit.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">A layer of scaley, typically featherless skin composed of a thick epidermal layer and a thin dermal layer covers each foot. Deep to this, there is a thin layer of connective tissue called the subcutaneous. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">It\u2019s very minimal compared to nonavian species such as mammals. <\/span><span class=\"s1\">Under this are the muscles and tendons of the foot. Finally, just below these are the bones and joints.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"p4\"><b>Levels of Severity<\/b><\/h2>\n<p class=\"p3\">Bumblefoot has various levels of severity in chickens, ranging from mild redness and thinning of the scales to ulcerations and damage to underlying muscle, tendons and bone. Different grading schemes have been created to allow a more universal understanding of the extent of a lesion in a particular individual.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Grading schemes are either on a \u201cI to V\u201d or \u201cI to VII\u201d scale. But for the purposes of this article, we\u2019ll describe the \u201cI to VII\u201d scheme. As the grade increases, so does the level of severity.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Grade severity is determined as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"p3\">I: The surface skin cells (epithelium) become thinner, and there are pink, shiny areas of skin with peeling or flaking.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">II: The surface skin cells become even thinner and almost translucent to where the subcutaneous tissue is visible but not exposed.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p3\">III: The surface skin cells have an ulceration through them such that the subcutaneous tissue is exposed.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p3\">IV: Necrotic tissue is present within the ulcer.<\/li>\n<li class=\"p3\">V: Swelling of the soft tissue of the foot is present around the ulcerated and necrotic tissue.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p3\">VI: Tendons become involved in the lesion and can be swollen or damaged.<\/li>\n<li class=\"p3\">VII: Bone is affected.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_89467\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-89467\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89467\" src=\"https:\/\/img.hobbyfarms.com\/chickens_perch.jpg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/img.hobbyfarms.com\/et6aKPiG-chickens_perch-300x173.jpg 300w, https:\/\/img.hobbyfarms.com\/chickens_perch-433x250.jpg 433w, https:\/\/img.hobbyfarms.com\/chickens_perch-600x347.jpg 600w, https:\/\/img.hobbyfarms.com\/chickens_perch-623x360.jpg 623w, https:\/\/img.hobbyfarms.com\/chickens_perch.jpg 800w\" alt=\"chicken chickens feet bumblefoot\" width=\"800\" height=\"462\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-89467\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Karla Ferro\/Shutterstock<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 class=\"p4\"><b>Watch Your Step<\/b><\/h2>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s3\">Bumblefoot can start as a result of various underlying contributing factors affecting your chickens. Perches, substrate, nutrition and trauma have all been linked to this disorder. Sometimes the reason for the disease is obvious in one individual, while it may not be as clear in another. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s3\">Additionally, sometimes multiple issues are present. And all contribute to its development.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h5>Problematic Perches<\/h5>\n<p class=\"p3\">To start, let&#8217;s look at perches. Although chickens may not spend a lot of time on branches to the same degree that other avian species will, they do like to roost on perches while resti<span class=\"s2\">ng. If the perches are all the same diameter, this can lead to pressure being placed on the same part of the foot all the time. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">This constant pressure on the same site can lead to sores, calluses or thinning of the skin at the contact points between the foot and the perch.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">If there are splinters on the perch or areas of damage, this can inadvertently injure the foot, leading to the start of an ulcer, puncture or cut. This can lead to the beginning of an infection if bacteria is introduced into the wound.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Additionally, if chickens perch on inappropriate items, such as wires, this may also result in more trauma to the feet. For some birds, if the perches are placed too high or they jump off perches onto firm surfaces, this may lead to injury. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Keep perches no more than 2 <\/span><span class=\"s4\">1<\/span><span class=\"s1\">\u2044<\/span><span class=\"s5\">2 <\/span><span class=\"s1\">feet off the ground. Additionally, do not add firm substrate to the ground chickens walk on.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Read more: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hobbyfarms.com\/prevent-stress-for-happy-healthy-chickens\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Want happy, healthy chickens? Prevent stress with these tips and tricks.<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h5>What&#8217;s Underfoot?<\/h5>\n<p class=\"p3\">To discuss substrate further, it\u2019s important to know that various types of substrate can be appropriate for chickens. Wood shavings, hay, fine gravel and sand are all soft enough for the feet of chickens and don\u2019t necessarily contribute to bumblefoot when kept clean.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">Depending upon your location, you may choose one of <\/span><span class=\"s1\">these substrates over another for <\/span>your flock. Consider factors such as humidity levels and temperature, too.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Substrates that are inappropriate and can <span class=\"s1\">contribute to bumblefoot in chickens include flat surfaces, concrete or coarse, large rocks. Avoiding these <\/span><span class=\"s2\">can help a chicken-keeper avoid bumblefoot.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"p4\"><b>Cleanliness Matters<\/b><\/h2>\n<p class=\"p3\">Another factor to consider regarding the substrate is the cleanliness of the area where a chicken stands. Surfaces soiled with feces mean that a chicken\u2019s foot could come into contact with waste products, such as ammonia, that can damage the skin.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">Substrates that trap and hold moisture may also cause a problem and lead to the growth of potential pathogens. If there is a break in the skin for any reason and chickens are standing on contaminated substrates, bacterial organisms could enter more easily and lead to infections.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"p4\"><b>Diet Decisions<\/b><\/h2>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Nutrition can also play a role. One problematic nutrient? Vitamin A, which can contribute to the development of bumblefoot in chickens. If vitamin A is deficient in the diet,<\/span><span class=\"s2\"> it\u2019ll cause a change at the cellular level to the surface epithelial cells of the foot. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">The cells can change shape and become thinner. This contributes to the first grade of bumblefoot developing.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">The good news is that if you are feeding your <\/span><span class=\"s6\">bird a commercial pellet or crumble diet, vitamin <\/span><span class=\"s2\">A <\/span>is appropriately supplemented in the mixture. <span class=\"s2\">Additionally, several scrapes that people provide to chickens are great sources of vitamin A, such as kale, bell peppers, carrots, squash and sweet potatoes. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">Providing one of these as a snack a few times a week is another way to ensure adequate levels of this nutrient are available.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Overweight chickens are also more prone to the development of bumblefoot. Too many calories in the diet, without enough exercise, means a bird can become obese. If a bird is obese, even greater forces and excessive weight bear on the feet.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">If ulceration develops, that excess pressure on the foot can interfere with blood flow. Impaired blood flow means poor healing. And that means the bird suffers longer and may not even heal. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Therefore, providing chickens appropriate amounts of feed and getting them the right exercise can help prevent bumblefoot.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_89468\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-89468\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89468\" src=\"https:\/\/img.hobbyfarms.com\/soak_chicken_foot.jpg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/img.hobbyfarms.com\/jKYv2qzx-soak_chicken_foot-300x173.jpg 300w, https:\/\/img.hobbyfarms.com\/soak_chicken_foot-433x250.jpg 433w, https:\/\/img.hobbyfarms.com\/soak_chicken_foot-600x347.jpg 600w, https:\/\/img.hobbyfarms.com\/soak_chicken_foot-623x360.jpg 623w, https:\/\/img.hobbyfarms.com\/soak_chicken_foot.jpg 800w\" alt=\"chicken chickens feet bumblefoot\" width=\"800\" height=\"462\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-89468\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">C5 Media\/Shutterstock.com<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 class=\"p4\"><b>Treatment<\/b><\/h2>\n<p class=\"p3\">Treatment will vary depending on the grade of bumblefoot present. You could possibly manage milder cases, such as grades I and II, with anti-inflammatories, changing substrates and providing padding to the feet.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">The cause of bumblefoot matters, though, and will determine the best treatment. More severe lesions could require antibiotics, debridement surgeries, special wraps and even amputations of digits if the underlying bone is involved.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Often, some form of a bandage to protect the bottoms of affected feet is required. Bandages may be light covers or specialized wraps that relieve pressure on certain parts of the foot. There are commercially available booties that pet owners can purchase for chickens to cover the feet.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">These provide a cushioned surface that protects the foot pad and supplies comfort for the bird.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">These are really great for birds that have foot injuries and help prevent bumblefoot from developing on the uninjured foot. These booties are also really nice because you can take them off to apply topical medications or clean wounds.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Additional treatment modalities can also include laser therapy and medications that dilate blood vessels in the feet. Encouraging exercise can also enhance blood flow to the feet. This may help obese birds lose weight and relieve some pressure on the feet.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Cleaning the bottom of the foot and soaking it in disinfectants like chlorhexidine 4 percent or diluted iodine solutions can help as well. Sometimes keepers will soak a chicken&#8217;s foot in Epsom salt to help reduce inflammation.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Read more: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hobbyfarms.com\/getting-started-chicken-coop-considerations\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Just getting started? Consider these things when choosing a coop.<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h5>What to Leave to the Pros<\/h5>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s7\">Bumblefoot is a painful condition that can involve some problematic bacterial organisms. Backyard farmers have occasionally attempted to perform surgeries at home, but this isn\u2019t recommended. At-home lancing procedures may remove the infectious material in a foot, but they don\u2019t address the pain a bird can feel and can leave a bird in a debilitated state.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s7\">Additionally, a veterinarian should select appropriate antibiotics so that you avoid antibiotic resistance issues. A veterinarian can also discuss ways to avoid drug passage into eggs. People with sensitivities to antibiotics need to stay cautious if they consume eggs from a bird treated with antibiotics. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s7\">Contact an avian veterinarian for help with all medications, special bandages and necessary surgeries.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s8\">B<\/span><span class=\"s1\">umblefoot can develop into a serious, even life-threating, disease so check your birds\u2019 feet regularly. You want to address the problem when it\u2019s in the early stages rather t<\/span>han risk only noticing it when it\u2019s severe.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p6\">Also, consult your avian veterinarian when you discover problems. He or she has the experience needed to guide you through an appropriate treatment plan.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>This article originally appeared in the July\/August 2021 issue of <\/em>Chickens<em> magazine.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Sidebar: <b>Tips to Avoid Bumblefoot<\/b><\/h2>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">As the old saying goes, an ounce of prevention is worth a <\/span><span class=\"s2\">pound of cure. It\u2019s always better to prevent bumblefoot than to be stuck treating this potentially serious disease. Once it begins, bumblefoot can be time-consuming to treat and take weeks to months to resolve. Additionally, some patients will have chronic problems secondary to bumblefoot and attempting to avoid this situation will leave a backyard chicken-keeper happier with their flock.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"p2\">Perches for chickens should be variable in their size and thickness so that birds don\u2019t have to put pressure on the same part of their foot all the time. These perches should also be routinely inspected for splinters or damage and have any issues addressed immediately.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p2\">Wrapping perches with protective covering, such as a self-adhesive bandage, can also provide a softer surface for the bird\u2019s foot to contact.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p2\">Chickens should be prevented from perching on wires or objects that provide minimal support for the foot.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p2\">Make sure perches are no more than 2 <span class=\"s3\">1<\/span>\u2044<span class=\"s4\">2<\/span> feet off of the ground and the substrate that they are standing on is soft, clean and appropriate.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s2\">Lastly, providing appropriate nutrition and being mindful of trauma to the feet are necessary to avoid bumblefoot from occurring.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Sidebar: <b>Trauma Can Be a Factor<\/b><\/h2>\n<p class=\"p2\">Trauma is another problem that can lead to the development of bumblefoot. This can occur in a couple of different ways.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\">One way is that trauma to the foot can incite an opening on the bottom of the foot which can lead to inflammation, secondary infection and the start of damage to the soft tissues, bones and joints of the foot.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\">Additionally, if a bird injures one foot and it causes them to shift pressure off of this foot, all the bird\u2019s weight then gets put on to the uninjured foot. This increased pressure on the uninjured foot can lead to the same problems that we can see with obesity. Therefore, if a bird does have an injury to a foot, sometimes a soft, padded wrap on the uninjured foot is necessary as well so that the bird has less pressure against hard surfaces to try and prevent bumblefoot.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bumblefoot may sound funny, but for your chickens, this painful foot condition is no laughing matter. And left untreated, the malady could even prove fatal.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7280,"featured_media":89466,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[424,10728,10456],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-89458","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-animals","category-health-and-nutrition","category-poultry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.0 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Bumblefoot: What It Is &amp; How To Protect Your Chickens - Hobby Farms<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Bumblefoot may sound funny, but for your chickens, this painful foot condition is no laughing matter. 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